:root {
      --page: #ffffff;
      --surface: #f5f7f8;
      --surface-strong: #edf2f3;
      --text: #20262d;
      --muted: #5d6872;
      --line: #dce3e6;
      --accent: #174f5d;
      --accent-dark: #103a45;
      --link: #116b8a;
      --link-hover: #0b4f68;
      --shadow: 0 14px 36px rgba(25, 43, 52, 0.08);
      --radius: 16px;
      --content-width: 1080px;
      --header-height: 72px;
    }

    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    html {
      scroll-behavior: smooth;
      scroll-padding-top: calc(var(--header-height) + 18px);
    }

    body {
      margin: 0;
      background: var(--page);
      color: var(--text);
      font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
      font-size: 16px;
      line-height: 1.68;
      text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
    }

    img {
      display: block;
      max-width: 100%;
    }

    a {
      color: var(--link);
      text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
      text-underline-offset: 0.16em;
    }

    a:hover,
    a:focus-visible {
      color: var(--link-hover);
    }

    a:focus-visible,
    button:focus-visible {
      outline: 3px solid rgba(17, 107, 138, 0.3);
      outline-offset: 3px;
      border-radius: 4px;
    }

    h1,
    h2,
    h3,
    h4 {
      margin-top: 0;
      color: #182129;
      font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
      font-weight: 600;
      line-height: 1.25;
    }

    h1 {
      margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
      font-size: clamp(2.65rem, 7vw, 5.2rem);
      letter-spacing: -0.04em;
    }

    h2 {
      margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
      font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem);
      letter-spacing: -0.025em;
    }

    h1.page-title {
      margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
      font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem);
      letter-spacing: -0.025em;
    }

    h3 {
      margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
      font-size: 1.45rem;
    }

    h4 {
      margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
      font-size: 1.07rem;
      font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
      font-weight: 700;
      line-height: 1.45;
    }

    p {
      margin-top: 0;
    }

    .skip-link {
      position: fixed;
      z-index: 9999;
      top: 0.75rem;
      left: 0.75rem;
      transform: translateY(-160%);
      padding: 0.7rem 1rem;
      border-radius: 8px;
      background: #111;
      color: #fff;
      text-decoration: none;
      transition: transform 160ms ease;
    }

    .skip-link:focus {
      transform: translateY(0);
    }

    .site-header {
      position: sticky;
      z-index: 1000;
      top: 0;
      min-height: var(--header-height);
      border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(220, 227, 230, 0.92);
      background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.94);
      backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
      -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    }

    .nav-shell {
      width: min(calc(100% - 2rem), var(--content-width));
      min-height: var(--header-height);
      margin-inline: auto;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: space-between;
      gap: 1.25rem;
    }

    .brand {
      flex: 0 0 auto;
      color: var(--accent-dark);
      font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
      font-size: 1.23rem;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-decoration: none;
      white-space: nowrap;
    }

    .site-nav {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 0.15rem;
      overflow-x: auto;
      scrollbar-width: thin;
    }

    .site-nav a {
      flex: 0 0 auto;
      padding: 0.55rem 0.72rem;
      border-radius: 8px;
      color: #33414b;
      font-size: 0.91rem;
      font-weight: 600;
      text-decoration: none;
      white-space: nowrap;
    }

    .site-nav a:hover,
    .site-nav a:focus-visible {
      background: var(--surface-strong);
      color: var(--accent-dark);
    }

    .site-nav a[aria-current="page"] {
      background: var(--accent);
      color: #fff;
    }

    .site-nav a[aria-current="page"]:hover,
    .site-nav a[aria-current="page"]:focus-visible {
      background: var(--accent-dark);
      color: #fff;
    }

    main {
      overflow: hidden;
    }

    .section {
      width: min(calc(100% - 2rem), var(--content-width));
      margin-inline: auto;
      padding-block: clamp(4.5rem, 8vw, 7.5rem);
      scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--header-height) + 18px);
    }

    .section + .section {
      border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    }

    .section-heading {
      max-width: 760px;
      margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
    }

    .eyebrow {
      margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
      color: var(--accent);
      font-size: 0.78rem;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.13em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }

    .lead {
      max-width: 820px;
      color: #36434d;
      font-size: clamp(1.06rem, 2.1vw, 1.28rem);
      line-height: 1.7;
    }

    .hero {
      padding-top: clamp(3.5rem, 7vw, 6.5rem);
    }

    .hero-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: minmax(300px, 360px) minmax(0, 1fr);
      gap: clamp(2.2rem, 6vw, 5.25rem);
      align-items: start;
    }

    .portrait-frame {
      margin: 0;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      border-radius: var(--radius);
      background: var(--surface);
      box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    }

    .portrait-frame img {
      width: 100%;
      height: auto;
      aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
      object-fit: cover;
      object-position: center 18%;
    }

    .portrait-caption {
      padding: 0.85rem 1rem;
      color: var(--muted);
      font-size: 0.82rem;
      text-align: center;
    }

    .chinese-name {
      margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
      color: var(--accent);
      font-family: Georgia, "Songti SC", "STSong", serif;
      font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 3.5vw, 2.15rem);
      letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    }

    .position-line {
      margin-bottom: 1.3rem;
      color: #34434c;
      font-size: clamp(1.08rem, 2.3vw, 1.3rem);
    }

    .button-row {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 0.7rem;
      margin: 1.65rem 0 2.1rem;
    }

    .button {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      min-height: 44px;
      padding: 0.65rem 1rem;
      border: 1px solid var(--accent);
      border-radius: 999px;
      background: var(--accent);
      color: #fff;
      font-weight: 700;
      text-decoration: none;
      transition: transform 140ms ease, background 140ms ease, color 140ms ease;
    }

    .button:hover,
    .button:focus-visible {
      transform: translateY(-1px);
      background: var(--accent-dark);
      color: #fff;
    }

    .button.secondary {
      background: transparent;
      color: var(--accent);
    }

    .button.secondary:hover,
    .button.secondary:focus-visible {
      background: var(--surface-strong);
      color: var(--accent-dark);
    }

    .home-columns {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.55fr) minmax(260px, 0.8fr);
      gap: 2rem;
      margin-top: 3rem;
    }

    .card {
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      border-radius: var(--radius);
      background: #fff;
      box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(25, 43, 52, 0.045);
    }

    .card-inner {
      padding: clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 1.8rem);
    }

    .timeline {
      position: relative;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      list-style: none;
    }

    .timeline::before {
      content: "";
      position: absolute;
      top: 0.65rem;
      bottom: 0.7rem;
      left: 0.34rem;
      width: 1px;
      background: var(--line);
    }

    .timeline li {
      position: relative;
      padding: 0 0 1.25rem 1.65rem;
    }

    .timeline li:last-child {
      padding-bottom: 0;
    }

    .timeline li::before {
      content: "";
      position: absolute;
      top: 0.5rem;
      left: 0;
      width: 0.72rem;
      height: 0.72rem;
      border: 3px solid #fff;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background: var(--accent);
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px var(--accent);
    }

    .timeline time {
      display: block;
      margin-bottom: 0.1rem;
      color: var(--accent);
      font-size: 0.83rem;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.035em;
    }

    .contact-list {
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      list-style: none;
    }

    .contact-list li + li {
      margin-top: 0.85rem;
    }

    .contact-label {
      display: block;
      margin-bottom: 0.08rem;
      color: var(--muted);
      font-size: 0.78rem;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.08em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }

    .research-intro {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(260px, 0.45fr);
      gap: 2rem;
      align-items: start;
      margin-bottom: 3.25rem;
    }

    .topic-card {
      padding: 1.35rem 1.45rem;
      border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
      border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;
      background: var(--surface);
    }

    .topic-card strong {
      display: block;
      margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
      color: var(--accent-dark);
    }

    .subsection {
      margin-top: 3.4rem;
    }

    .subsection:first-of-type {
      margin-top: 0;
    }

    .subsection-header {
      display: flex;
      align-items: baseline;
      justify-content: space-between;
      gap: 1rem;
      margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
      padding-bottom: 0.7rem;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    }

    .subsection-header h3 {
      margin-bottom: 0;
    }

    .subsection-header span {
      color: var(--muted);
      font-size: 0.82rem;
    }

    .publication-list {
      display: grid;
      gap: 0;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      list-style: none;
      counter-reset: papers;
    }

    .publication {
      position: relative;
      padding: 1.25rem 0 1.25rem 2.6rem;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
      counter-increment: papers;
    }

    .publication::before {
      content: counter(papers) ".";
      position: absolute;
      top: 1.28rem;
      left: 0;
      width: 2rem;
      color: var(--muted);
      font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
      font-size: 1rem;
      text-align: right;
    }

    .publication:last-child {
      border-bottom: 0;
    }

    .paper-title {
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    .paper-meta {
      margin: 0.22rem 0 0;
      color: var(--muted);
      font-size: 0.93rem;
    }

    .paper-links {
      display: inline-flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 0.42rem;
      margin-left: 0.35rem;
      font-size: 0.82rem;
    }

    .paper-links a {
      padding: 0.05rem 0.38rem;
      border: 1px solid var(--line);
      border-radius: 999px;
      background: #fff;
      text-decoration: none;
    }

    .simple-list,
    .event-list,
    .course-list {
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      list-style: none;
    }

    .simple-list li,
    .course-list li {
      padding: 1rem 0;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    }

    .simple-list li:last-child,
    .course-list li:last-child {
      border-bottom: 0;
    }

    .course-role,
    .event-date {
      color: var(--accent);
      font-size: 0.84rem;
      font-weight: 800;
      letter-spacing: 0.025em;
    }

    .course-title {
      display: block;
      margin: 0.12rem 0;
      color: #202a31;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    .two-column {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
      gap: 2rem;
    }

    .event-list {
      position: relative;
    }

    .event-list::before {
      content: "";
      position: absolute;
      top: 0.75rem;
      bottom: 0.75rem;
      left: 5.7rem;
      width: 1px;
      background: var(--line);
    }

    .event {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 4.65rem minmax(0, 1fr);
      gap: 2rem;
      position: relative;
      padding: 0.55rem 0 1.45rem;
    }

    .event:last-child {
      padding-bottom: 0;
    }

    .event::before {
      content: "";
      position: absolute;
      top: 0.86rem;
      left: 5.42rem;
      width: 0.58rem;
      height: 0.58rem;
      border: 2px solid #fff;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background: var(--accent);
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px var(--accent);
    }

    .event-date {
      padding-top: 0.06rem;
      text-align: right;
    }

    .event p {
      margin: 0;
    }

    .event-title {
      display: block;
      margin-bottom: 0.12rem;
      color: #202a31;
      font-weight: 700;
    }

    .muted {
      color: var(--muted);
    }

    .links-card {
      margin-top: 3rem;
    }

    .no-margin {
      margin-bottom: 0;
    }

    .site-footer {
      border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
      background: var(--surface);
    }

    .footer-shell {
      width: min(calc(100% - 2rem), var(--content-width));
      margin-inline: auto;
      padding: 2rem 0;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      gap: 1rem;
      color: var(--muted);
      font-size: 0.88rem;
    }

    .back-to-top {
      font-weight: 700;
      text-decoration: none;
    }

    @media (max-width: 860px) {
      .nav-shell {
        display: block;
        padding: 0.75rem 0 0.45rem;
      }

      .brand {
        display: inline-block;
        margin-bottom: 0.38rem;
      }

      .site-nav {
        margin-inline: -0.25rem;
        padding-bottom: 0.2rem;
      }

      .hero-grid,
      .home-columns,
      .research-intro,
      .two-column {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
      }

      .portrait-frame {
        width: min(320px, 78vw);
        margin-inline: auto;
      }

      .hero-grid {
        gap: 2rem;
      }
    }

    @media (max-width: 600px) {
      :root {
        --header-height: 104px;
      }

      body {
        font-size: 15.5px;
      }

      .section {
        width: min(calc(100% - 1.35rem), var(--content-width));
        padding-block: 4.3rem;
      }

      .nav-shell,
      .footer-shell {
        width: min(calc(100% - 1.35rem), var(--content-width));
      }

      .site-nav a {
        padding: 0.4rem 0.38rem;
        font-size: 0.82rem;
      }

      .hero-grid > div {
        order: 1;
      }

      .hero-grid .portrait-frame {
        order: 2;
        width: min(300px, 84vw);
        margin-top: 0.75rem;
      }

      .publication {
        padding-left: 2.15rem;
      }

      .publication::before {
        width: 1.55rem;
      }

      .event-list::before {
        left: 0.3rem;
      }

      .event {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 0.18rem;
        padding-left: 1.45rem;
      }

      .event::before {
        left: 0;
      }

      .event-date {
        text-align: left;
      }

      .footer-shell {
        display: block;
      }
    }

    @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
      html {
        scroll-behavior: auto;
      }

      *,
      *::before,
      *::after {
        transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
      }
    }

    @media print {
      .site-header,
      .skip-link,
      .button-row,
      .back-to-top {
        display: none !important;
      }

      body {
        font-size: 11pt;
      }

      .section {
        width: 100%;
        padding-block: 1.2rem;
      }

      .section + .section {
        page-break-before: auto;
      }

      .card,
      .portrait-frame {
        box-shadow: none;
      }

      a {
        color: inherit;
        text-decoration: none;
      }
    }
  

/* Multi-page site refinements */
body.page-home .hero {
  padding-top: clamp(3.25rem, 6vw, 5.75rem);
}

body:not(.page-home) main {
  min-height: calc(100vh - var(--header-height) - 96px);
}